Happy House Oxford New Edition' title='Happy House Oxford New Edition' />Hogmanay Wikipedia. Hogmanay Scots hmne 1English HOG m NAY2 is the Scots word for the last day of the year and is synonymous with the celebration of the New Year Gregorian calendar in the Scottish manner. It is normally followed by further celebration on the morning of New Years Day 1 January or, in some cases, 2 Januarya Scottish bank holiday. The origins of Hogmanay are unclear, but it may be derived from Norse and Gaelic observances. Customs vary throughout Scotland, and usually include gift giving and visiting the homes of friends and neighbours, with special attention given to the first foot, the first guest of the new year. EtymologyeditThe etymology of the word is obscure. The earliest proposed etymology comes from the 1. Scotch Presbyterian Eloquence, which held that the term was a corruption of the Greekaga mna, or holy month. The three main modern theories derive it from a French, Norse or Gaelic root. The word is first recorded in a Latin entry in 1. The first appearance in English came in 1. Elgin, as hagmonay. Subsequent 1. Hagmena 1. Hogmynae night 1. Hagmane 1. 69. 3 in an entry of the Scotch Presbyterian Eloquence. Although Hogmanay is currently the predominant spelling and pronunciation, a number of variant spellings and pronunciations have been recorded, including 7Hoghmanay6Hagmanae7Hagmonay7Hagmonick6Hanginay Roxburghshire6Hangmanay7Hogernoany Shetland6HogminayHogmenayHogmynae6Hoguemennay6Huggeranohni Shetland6Huigmanay7with the first syllable variously being hg, hog, hg, hug or ha. Possible French etymologieseditIt may have been introduced to Middle Scots via French. The most commonly cited explanation is a derivation from the northern French dialectal word hoguinan, or variants such as hoginane, hoginono and hoguinettes, those being derived from 1. Middle Frenchaguillanneuf meaning either a gift given at New Year, a childrens cry for such a gift, or New Years Eve itself. Compare also the apparent Spanish cognate aguinaldoaguilando, with a suggested Latin derivation of hoc in anno in this year. This explanation is supported by a childrens tradition, observed up to the 1. Scotland at least, of visiting houses in their locality on New Years Eve and requesting and receiving small treats such as sweets or fruit. The second element would appear to be lan neuf the New Year, with some sources suggesting a druidical origin of the practice overall. Compare those to Normanhoguinan and the obsolete customs in Jersey of crying ma hodgngnole, and in Guernsey of asking for an oguinane, for a New Year gift see also La Guiannee. In Qubec, la guignole was a door to door collection for the poor. Other suggestions include au gui mener lead to the mistletoe,1. Possible Goidelic etymologieseditThe word may have come from the Goidelic languages. Frazer and Kelley report a Manx new year song that begins with the line To night is New Years Night, Hogunnaa but did not record the full text in Manx. Kelley himself uses the spelling Og u naa. Tro la la1. 6 whereas other sources parse this as hog un naa and give the modern Manx form as Hob dy naa. Manx dictionaries though give Hop tu Naa Manx pronunciation hop tu ne, generally glossing it as Halloween,1. Manx specific folklore collections. In this context it is also recorded that in the south of Scotland for example Roxburghshire, there is no m, the word thus being Hunganay, which could suggest the m is intrusive. Another theory occasionally encountered is a derivation from the phrase thog mi an igheugh hok mi e, I raised the cry, which resembles Hogmanay in pronunciation and was part of the rhymes traditionally recited at New Year2. Overall, Gaelic consistently refers to the New Years Eve as Oidhche na Bliadhna ire the Night of the New Year and Oidhche Challainn the Night of the Calends. Possible Norse etymologieseditSome authors reject both the French and Goidelic theories, and instead suggest that the ultimate source both for the Norman French, Scots, and Goidelic variants of this word have a common Norse root. It is suggested that the full formsHoginanaye TrollalayHogman aye, Troll a lay with a Manx cognate Hop tu Naa, Trolla laaHogmanay, Trollolay, give us of your white bread and none of your gray2. Icelandichaugmenn, cf Anglo Saxonhoghmen or elves and banishes the trolls into the sea Norse l into the sea. Repp furthermore makes a link between TrollalayTrolla laa and the rhyme recorded in Percys Relics Trolle on away, trolle on awaye. Synge heave and howe rombelowe trolle on away, which he reads as a straightforward invocation of troll banning. OriginseditThe roots of Hogmanay perhaps reach back to the celebration of the winter solstice among the Norse,2. Relatives Clauses Exercises Pdf. Gaelic celebration of Samhain. Jeanette Wintersons new memoir details the courage and imagination the author needed to survive a childhood dominated by a troubled, fundamentalist mother. Reporting the area since 1998 now 19 years Archive Pages from October 2002 to date Please note that any comments made in this news page are those of the Editors. The Vikings celebrated Yule,2. Twelve Days of Christmas, or the Daft Days as they were sometimes called in Scotland. Christmas was not celebrated as a festival and Hogmanay was the more traditional celebration in Scotland. This may have been a result of the Protestant Reformation after which Christmas was seen as too Papist. CustomseditThere are many customs, both national and local, associated with Hogmanay. The most widespread national custom is the practice of first footing, which starts immediately after midnight. This involves being the first person to cross the threshold of a friend or neighbour and often involves the giving of symbolic gifts such as salt less common today, coal, shortbread, whisky, and black bun a rich fruit cake, intended to bring different kinds of luck to the householder. Food and drink as the gifts are then given to the guests. This may go on throughout the early hours of the morning and well into the next day although modern days see people visiting houses well into the middle of January. The first foot is supposed to set the luck for the rest of the year. Traditionally, tall, dark men are preferred as the first foot. Local customseditAreas of Scotland often developed their own Hogmanay rituals. Catalan Sun Goddess from the Hogmanay Street Party, Edinburgh 2. An example of a local Hogmanay custom is the fireball swinging that takes place in Stonehaven, Aberdeenshire, in northeast Scotland. This involves local people making up balls of chicken wire filled with old newspaper, sticks, rags, and other dry flammable material up to a diameter of 2 feet 0. As the Old Town House bell sounds to mark the new year, the balls are set alight and the swingers set off up the High Street from the Mercat Cross to the Cannon and back, swinging the burning balls around their heads as they go. At the end of the ceremony, any fireballs that are still burning are cast into the harbour. Many people enjoy this display, and large crowds flock to see it,3. In recent years, additional attractions have been added to entertain the crowds as they wait for midnight, such as fire poi, a pipe band, street drumming and a firework display after the last fireball is cast into the sea. The festivities are now streamed live over the Internet. Americas Home Place. 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